Chcl3 lewis dot

Draw the Lewis dot structure for CHCl3 and provide the following information. a. number of atoms bonded to the central atom b. number of lone electron pairs on the central atom c. hybridization of the central atom d. molecular shape e. polarity; Draw the Lewis dot structure for CS_2.

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Chloroform (CHCl3) is an important laboratory solvent with relatively high vapor pressure at room temperature. Draw the Lewis structure of CHCl3 and then determine the ideal bonding angle(s) for the Cl-C-Cl bond(s) A) 90 B)109.5 C)120 D)180, Draw the Lewis structure of acetonitrile (CH3CN) and then choose the appropriate pair of ...Due to the presence of 4 electron domains and its steric number being 4, the hybridization of SCl2 is given by sp3. SCl2 has a bent molecular structure and a tetrahedral electronic shape. It has bond angles of 103°. The chemical formula SCl2 represents Sulfur Dichloride. It is the simplest form of Sulfur Chloride and exists as a cherry-red ...May 22, 2023 · Infact, I’ve also given the step-by-step images for drawing the lewis dot structure of CHCl3 molecule. So, if you are ready to go with these 6 simple steps, then …Our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. Question: List the molecules in order of increasing polarity. CH2Cl2 CH3Cl CCl4 CHCl3 And then draw a Lewis dot structure and vector diagram showing the net dipole moment for CH2Cl2. List the molecules in order of increasing polarity.Draw the lewis dot structure for chloroform, CHCl3. In chloroform's molecular formula, the carbon is first, and there is only one atom of carbon. So, carbon is the central atom. There are twenty-six valence electrons. …Step 1. Lewis Structure of Methyl Fluoride CH A 3 F. Explanation: •The Lewis structure, also known as the Lewis dot structure ... View the full answer Step 2. Unlock. Step 3. Unlock. Answer.Chloroform (CHCl3) lewis dot structure, molecular geometry, hybridization. Chloroform is a colorless liquid made up of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine with the chemical formula CHCl3. It is used as a solvent in the production of refrigerant freon. It is a highly volatile and dense liquid that feels cool to touch.The total number of valence electrons available for drawing chloromethane or methyl chloride (CH3Cl) Lewis structure is 14. CH 3 Cl has an identical electron and molecular geometry or shape i.e., tetrahedral. The CH 3 Cl molecule has sp 3 hybridization. The bonded atoms form a mutual bond angle of 109.5° in the tetrahedral CH 3 Cl molecule.

Chemistry. Draw the lewis structure of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). include all valance electrons. name the electron geometry and molecular geometry for this molecule. the electronegativy values are C=2.5 and Cl=3.0. determine if the bonds are polar and if the molecule is polar. explain.Question: CHM 101 Dry Lab Activity #3 - Lewis Structures & VSEPR Lab Worksheet - Qn1: Complete the steps to write the electron-dot structure for the following molecules (3pts) What is the total Write the atomic symbols, then add the bonding Is the electron-dot structure of HF number of available electron pair. Finally distribute the non-bonding ...Step #1: Draw the lewis structure Here is a skeleton of CHCl3 lewis structure and it contains one C-H bond and three C-Cl bond. (Note: If you want to know the steps of drawing the CHCl3 lewis dot structure, then visit this article: CHCl3 lewis structure , Or you can also watch this short 2 minute video).The feasibility of an oxygen-independent mechanism of chloroform bioactivation was indicated by the covalent binding to lipid and protein occurring in anaerobic incubations of chloroform and microsomes in the presence of NADPH.Under these conditions, the loss of cytochrome p450 and the inhibition of related mono-oxygenases were also observed. The chloroform anoxic biotransformation was ...Let's do the Lewis structure for CH2F2: difluoromethane. On the periodic table, Carbon is in group 4, it has 4 valence electrons. Hydrogen, group 1, but we have 2 Hydrogens. Fluorine, 7 valence electrons, we have 2 of those as well, for a total of 20 valence electrons. We'll put the Carbon at the center, and then Hydrogens always go on the outside.Question: Write the Lewis dot structure for chloroform, CHCl3. What is the central atom? C H CI The atoms are in a line structure, no central atom.Let us determine the Lewis structures of SiH 4, CHO 2 −, NO +, and OF 2 as examples in following this procedure: Determine the total number of valence (outer shell) electrons in the molecule or ion. For a molecule, we add the number of valence electrons on each atom in the molecule: SiH 4 Si: 4 valence electrons/atom × 1 atom = 4 + H: 1 ...

When it comes to finding the perfect recliner for your home, John Lewis is a great place to start. With a wide selection of styles and sizes, you’re sure to find something that fit...What is the Lewis Dot Structure for CHCl3? Chloroform: While the IUPAC name for this molecule is trichloromethane, it is more commonly known as chloroform. The four ...The Lewis structure of CHClO consists of one carbon atom (C), one hydrogen atom (H), one chlorine atom (Cl), and one oxygen atom (O). The central atom in CHClO is carbon, which is surrounded by three other atoms (H, Cl, and O) bonded to it. The Lewis structure of CHClO shows that carbon forms single bonds with hydrogen and chlorine, …VSEPR Theory. Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure, including approximate bond angles around a central atom, of a molecule from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that ...

Walmart deans bridge rd.

If you’re a history buff or just love exploring the great outdoors, a Lewis and Clark river cruise should definitely be on your bucket list. A river cruise is an excellent way to e...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Match each neutral atom with the correct number of dots used in the atom's Lewis symbol., When a(n) _____ bond forms, electrons are transferred from one element to another to form charged particles, which then attract each other. In _____ , bonds, electrons are shared between two atoms., Which of the following formulas represent ...Placing one bonding pair of electrons between the O atom and each H atom gives H:O:H, with 4 electrons left over. Each H atom has a full valence shell of 2 electrons. Adding the remaining 4 electrons to the oxygen (as two lone pairs) gives the following structure: This is the Lewis structure we drew earlier.A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the SO3 Lewis Dot Structure (Sulfur trioxide).For the SO3 structure use the periodic table to find the total number...A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the CH3COOH Lewis Dot Structure (Acetic acid).For the CH3COOH structure use the periodic table to find the total nu...step-by-step explanation of how to draw the CHClO Lewis Dot Structure ( ).For the CHClO structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence ...

SiCl2Br2 is a chemical formula for dibromo dichloro silane. And to help you understand the Lewis Structure of this molecule, we are going to share our step-...CHCl3 is a chemical formula of chloroform. It made up of one carbon atom, one... Today in this video we are going to determine the polarity of a CHCl3 molecule. CHCl3 is a chemical formula of ...Question: Draw Lewis dot structures for each of the following and characterize their geometry and the hybridization of the central atom: Show transcribed image text. Here's the best way to solve it. Created by Chegg. geometry depends on the number of bond p …. View the full answer. Previous question Next question.The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell. For representative elements, the number of valence electrons equals the group number on the periodic table. To draw …Our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. Question: 20. a) Write the Lewis dot structure for chloroform, CHCl3. Show how you calculated the number of valence electrons. (3 points) b) Sketch the geometry of the chloroform molecule. (3 points) Revised 11/15.CH3CN Lewis Structure. Lewis dot symbol or lewis structures are the diagrams that demonstrate the bonding between different atoms of a compound, specifying the number of bonds as well as the lone pairs of electrons. These structures take into account the valence electrons present in all the atoms of a compound.Flexible booking options on most hotels. Compare 415 hotels in José Luis Bustamante y Rivero using 12 real guest reviews. Get our Price Guarantee — booking has never been easier on Hotels.com!Draw the electron dot formula for ozone, O3. How many nonbonding electron pairs are in an ozone molecule? 6. Draw the structural formula for acetylene, C2H2, and state the type of bonds in an acetylene molecule. 2 single bonds and 1 triple bond. Draw the structural formula for selenium dioxide, SeO2, and state the type of bonds in a selenium ...You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Question: Arrange H2O, CHCl3, and SCI from least polar to most polar: Least polar Intermediate polarity Most polar Post Lab Questions 1. Draw the Lewis dot structures for N2Hand NH, and compare their structures to that of NZ.The total valence electron available for the N2H4 lewis structure is 14. The hybridization of each nitrogen in the N2H4 molecule is Sp 3. N2H4 is polar in nature and dipole moment of 1.85 D. The formal charge on nitrogen in N2H4 is zero. The molecular geometry or shape of N2H4 is trigonal pyramidal.

Chemistry. Draw the lewis structure of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). include all valance electrons. name the electron geometry and molecular geometry for this molecule. the electronegativy values are C=2.5 and Cl=3.0. determine if the bonds are polar and if the molecule is polar. explain.

La structure de Lewis de CHCl3, également connue sous le nom de chloroforme, est un atome de carbone central relié à un atome d'hydrogène et à trois atome de chlore s. L'atome de carbone partage une seule liaison covalente avec l'atome d'hydrogène et une seule liaison covalente avec chaque atome de chlore. 2.Nov 8, 2013 · A quick explanation of the molecular geometry of CHCl3 including a description of the CHCl3 bond angles.Looking at the CHCl3 Lewis structure we can see that ...The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell. For representative elements, the number of valence electrons equals the group number on the periodic table. To draw …Phosphorus trichloride with a chemical formula PCl3 is a yellow fuming liquid. This liquid can be colorless as well. PCl3 is a toxic liquid with an unpleasant smell. The molar mass of this compound is 137.33 g/mol. The melting point and boiling point of this compound are -93.6℃ and 76.1℃ respectively. Now there can be questions about the ...what is the Lewis dot structure, E-pair geometry, molecular geometry, bond angles, molecular polarity of 1) CS2 2) PCl5 3)SF6 4)SF4 5)SO2 6)NCl3 7)C4H10 8)CHCl3 This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts.Solution. Steps for Writing Lewis Structures. Example 3.4.1 3.4. 1. 1. Determine the total number of valence electrons in the molecule or ion. Each H atom (group 1) has 1 valence electron, and the O atom (group 16) has 6 valence electrons, for a total of 8 valence electrons. 2.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is special about the 5- and 6- coordinate geometries?, Draw the Lewis Dot structure for SF4. What is the electron pair geometry? What is the molecular geometry? Upload your drawing of the molecule and write the geometries in the space provided., Why is it difficult to construct a Lewis Dot Structure for the molecule NO? and ...Solution for Write the Lewis dot structure for chloroform, CHCI3. Calculated number of valence electrons.

Dmv shreveport photos.

Rheumatologist nyu langone.

Your solution’s ready to go! Our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. Question: Below is the Lewis structure of the chloroform (CHCl3) molecule. Count the number of bonding pairs and the number of lone pairs around the bottom chlorine atom. There are 2 steps to solve this one.Chloroform, also known as Trichloromethane or Formyl trichloride, is an organic compound with a chemical formula of CHCl 3. This colorless, dense liquid was initially used as a perfect anesthetic since its discovery in 1831. It is produced on a large scale and often found in the air due to its formation during the chlorination of drinking water ...Although the Lewis theory does not determine the shapes of molecules, it is the first step in predicting shapes of molecules. The Lewis structure helps us identify the bond pairs and the lone pairs. Then, with the Lewis structure, we apply the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSPER) theory to determine the molecular geometry and the ...Step 5: Now assemble all the above-mentioned points and draw the Lewis dot diagram of carbonyl fluoride (COF2): Molecular Geometry of Carbonyl Fluoride (COF2) Molecular geometry is a 3D diagrammatic way of studying the structure of an atom. You can study the bond length, type, angle, and other geometrical entities with the help of molecular ...Lewis Symbols. We use Lewis symbols to describe valence electron configurations of atoms and monatomic ions. A Lewis symbol consists of an elemental symbol surrounded by one dot for each of its valence electrons:. Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): shows the Lewis symbols for the elements of the third period of the periodic table.CHCl3 Lewis Structure How to Draw the Dot Structure for CHCl3 |Chemical Bonding Success in Chemistry. 4.3 (157) · USD 12.26 · In stock. Description. This two question quiz assesses student's advanced ability to draw Lewis structures for In addition to simply drawing the two molecules,COCl2 is a chemical compound, known by the name 'phosgene'. Phosgene is a colorless gaseous compound known as carbonyl chloride and has a molecular weight of 98.92 gram/mol. It is non-flammable in nature and bears a suffocating odor. It has a boiling point (b.p.) of around 8.3 0C.The Lewis dot for iodine chloride starts with an I atom in the center. There are six possible bond sites, and on four of them are singly bonded Cl atoms. The other two have a pair of dots. Each Cl ...Contributors and Attributions. 9.4: Resonance Lewis Structures is shared under a license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Resonance is a way of describing delocalized electrons within certain molecules or polyatomic ions where the bonding cannot be expressed by a single Lewis formula. ….

Lewis Structure Finder. This widget gets the Lewis structure of chemical compounds. Get the free "Lewis Structure Finder" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle. Find more Chemistry widgets in Wolfram|Alpha.Draw reasonable Lewis (electron dot) structures for the following molecules: b. CHCl_3 (chloroform) c. COCl_2 (phosgene); C is central d. HNO_3 (nitric acid); N is central, and the H is attached to one the oxygen atoms. The skeleton structures for formaldehyde (left) and methanol (right) are down below: In the ionic compound NaCl, the sodium ...Chcl3 Lewis Structure Molecular Geometry Structures and Conformations of Non-Rigid Molecules J. Laane 2012-12-06 From the beginnings of modern chemistry, molecular structure has been a lively area of research and speculation. For more than half a2. Công thức Lewis của CHCl3. a) Cách 1: Viết công thức Lewis dựa vào công thức electron. Từ công thức electron, thay 1 cặp electron dùng chung bằng 1 gạch nối “–” giữa hai nguyên tử ta được công thức Lewis. Từ công thức electron của CHCl 3, thay mỗi cặp electron bằng một gạch ...Draw Lewis structures depicting the bonding in simple molecules. Compute formal charges for atoms in any Lewis structure. Use formal charges to identify the most reasonable Lewis structure for a given molecule. Identify the oxidation states of atoms in Lewis structures. 3.3.0: Bond Types. 3.3.0.0: Bond Types (Problems) 3.3.1: Lewis Dot Diagrams.12. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Draw the Lewis structure of water (H₂O) and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries., Draw the Lewis structure of carbon dioxide (CO2), Determine the number of valence electrons in HCN and then draw the corresponding Lewis structure. and more.VIDEO ANSWER: We need to draw the Lewis dot structure of the compounds and you need to determine their geometries using VSE pair theory. Let's take a look at the first one CHCl3. Carbon has 4 electrons, 4 valence electrons and it forms 4 bonds with 4CHCl_3 would have an AX_4 designation. This would make its shape tetrahedral. It's just like CH_4 but with Cl atoms replacing three of the hydrogens. The molecule has a central carbon. There would be a single covalent bond to three chlorine atoms and a single bond to the one hydrogen atom. VESPR stands for valence shell electron pair repulsion. This theory basically says that bonding and non ...Question: Tui וסוס ו-ווסדו Total # of valence e-in molecule: Ammonium ion: NH4+ Lewis Dot Structure: Electron Pair Geometry: Atoms # of valence e per atom # of atoms in molecule N Molecular Shape: H AXE Notation: Polar or Non-Polar Total # of valence e-in molecule: Chloroform: CHCl3 Lewis Dot Structure: Electron Pair Geometry: Atoms # of valence e per atom # of atoms Chcl3 lewis dot, CHCl3 molecular weight. Molar mass of CHCl3 = 119.37764 g/mol. This compound is also known as Chloroform. Convert grams CHCl3 to moles. or. moles CHCl3 to grams. Molecular weight calculation: 12.0107 + 1.00794 + 35.453*3. Percent composition by element. Element: Chlorine Symbol: Cl Atomic Mass: 35.453 # of Atoms: 3, When it comes to furniture, comfort is key. Whether you’re looking for a place to relax after a long day or a comfortable spot to watch your favorite movie, a recliner from John Le..., When you place a molecule with an electric dipole in an electric field, a force acts to turn the molecule so that the positive and negative ends line up with the field. The magnitude of the turning force is given by the formula. µ = q × d. where q is the amount of charge and d is the distance between the two charges. µ is the turning moment., Solution. Using Figure 5.10.1 5.10. 1, we can calculate the difference of the electronegativities of the atoms involved in the bond. For the C-H bond, the difference in the electronegativities is 2.5 − 2.1 = 0.4. Thus we predict that this bond will be non polar covalent., For CHCl3, the geometry will be tetrahedral which leads to bond angles of 109.5 degrees. However, taking into account the size of the chlorines vs. the hydrogen, since the chlorines are larger, the ClCCl bond angle will be slightly more than 109.5 degrees, and the HCCl bond angle will then be slightly smaller. ... Lewis Structures Resonance ..., CH3CN Lewis Structure. Lewis dot symbol or lewis structures are the diagrams that demonstrate the bonding between different atoms of a compound, specifying the number of bonds as well as the lone pairs of electrons. These structures take into account the valence electrons present in all the atoms of a compound., Q 4. Draw the possible isomers of the compound with molecular formula C3H6O and also give their electron dot structures. [2 Marks] [Exemplar] [Electron Dot Structure] View Solution. Q 5. Which among the following is the correct Lewis dot structure of ethyne ( C2 H 2 )?, C 2 H 3 Cl (vinyl chloride) has two carbon atoms, three hydrogen atoms, and one chlorine atom.. In the C 2 H 3 Cl Lewis structure, there is a double bond between the two carbon atoms. The left carbon is attached with two hydrogen atoms, and the right carbon is attached with one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom. And on the chlorine atom, there are three lone pairs., 1 day ago · The compound Phosphorous Trihydride (PH3), also known as phosphine consists of phosphorus and hydrogen atoms. It is an inflammable and toxic gas without any color. Phosphine does not have any odor when it is pure, but most samples of the gas have the unpleasant odor of rotten garlic or decaying fish. This chemical is used as a pesticide, and ..., The CHCl3 Lewis structure shows how the atoms are arranged and how they share electrons. In this structure, you can represent each atom by its chemical symbol. Additionally, you can depict the valence electrons as dots or lines around the atoms. The concept of the Lewis structure helps us understand the bonding and geometry of molecules., Draw the lewis dot structure for chloroform, CHCl3. In chloroform's molecular formula, the carbon is first, and there is only one atom of carbon. So, carbon is the central atom. There are twenty-six valence electrons. Carbon has four. Hydrogen has one. Chlorine has seven. But, there are three chlorine atoms., Steps of drawing BH3 lewis structure Step 1: Find the total valence electrons in BH3 molecule. In order to find the total valence electrons in BH3 molecule, first of all you should know the valence electrons present in boron atom as well as hydrogen atom. (Valence electrons are the electrons that are present in the outermost orbit of any atom.). Here, I'll tell you how you can easily find ..., Question: Part 2 1. Draw Lewis dot structures and use the electronegativity chart to find the polarity of the bonds for H₂O, CHCI3, and SCI₂ and draw dipoles to indicate the expected direction of electron shift. 2. Arrange H₂O, CHCl3, and SCl₂ from least polar to most polar: Least polar Intermediate polarity Most polar, CHCl3, chloroform Draw the Lewis dot structure for CHC13. +- CHON SPF Bax More Your solution’s ready to go! Our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on., what is the Lewis dot structure, E-pair geometry, molecular geometry, bond angles, molecular polarity of 1) CS2 2) PCl5 3)SF6 4)SF4 5)SO2 6)NCl3 7)C4H10 8)CHCl3 This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts., Chemistry Worksheet Lewis Dot Structures Name: Block. 2. Draw Lewis structures for the following covalent compounds: Created Date: 3/28/2014 11:29:01 AM, CHCl3 Lewis Structure (Chloroform) In this video we are going to look at the total number of valence electrons. #CHCl3Lewisstructure #Chloroform #Chloroformlewisstructure #GeometryOfMolecules #chemistry #chemistrylovers #chemistrynotes #chemistrylove #onlineclasses #education #sciencefacts # …, Lewis Structure Finder. This widget gets the Lewis structure of chemical compounds. Get the free "Lewis Structure Finder" widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle. Find more Chemistry widgets in Wolfram|Alpha., Answer to Draw the Lewis dot structure for each of the | Chegg.com, Question: The Lewis structure for CHCl3 has nine lone electron pairs. (C is the central atom) True False. Here's the best way to solve it. Count the number of lone electron pairs on each chlorine atom and the carbon atom to verify the total number of lone pairs. The Lewis structure for CHCl3 has nine lone electron pairs., Here’s the best way to solve it. Chemical Bonding For each of the following, write the formula, draw the Lewis dot structure, and draw the model, and determine the type of bond Chemical Formula Lewis Dot Structure Total Number of …, A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the NCl3 Lewis Dot Structure (Nitrogen trichloride).For the NCl3 structure use the periodic table to find the total..., Here's the best way to solve it. Lewis Dot Structures and Molecular Shapes PART 1 is to complete Lewis Dot Structures column ONLY Molecule or lon Lewis Dot Structure Formula Type Molecular Shape Shape Name (Molecular Geometry) Polarity - IF polar, show dipoles H-0-H HO AB2E2 BENT (doesn't have to reflect actual shape) H (represent the shape ..., Question: Write the Lewis dot structure for chloroform, CHCl3. What is the central atom? C H CI The atoms are in a line structure, no central atom., Question: For each of the following, draw the Lewis Dot Structure, give the electron arrangement (E.A.) and the molecular geometry (M.G.): For each of the following, draw the Lewis Dot Structure, give the electron arrangement (E.A.) and the molecular geometry (M.G.): Show transcribed image text. Here’s the best way to solve it., A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the HNO2 Lewis Structure (Nitrous Acid). When we have an H (or H2) in front of a polyatomic molecule (like CO3, ..., If you get stuck, try asking another group for help. For each of the following, draw the Lewis dot structure, give the electron arrangement (E.A.) and the molecular geometry (M.G.): PF5 P F 5. CS2 C S 2. BrO−3 B r O 3 −. NH+4 N H 4 +. SCl4 S C l 4., Let us determine the Lewis structures of SiH 4, CHO 2 −, NO +, and OF 2 as examples in following this procedure: Determine the total number of valence (outer shell) electrons in the molecule or ion. For a molecule, we add the number of valence electrons on each atom in the molecule: SiH 4 Si: 4 valence electrons/atom × 1 atom = 4 + H: 1 ..., Here's the best way to solve it. Part 2 1. Draw Lewis dot structures and use the electronegativity chart to find the polarity of the bonds for H₂O, CHCI3, and SCI₂ and draw dipoles to indicate the expected direction of electron shift. 2. Arrange H₂O, CHCl3, and SCl₂ from least polar to most polar: Least polar Intermediate polarity ..., Learn about the molecular formula and structure of chloroform, a common organic solvent, with interactive 3D models and diagrams., May 22, 2023 by Jay Rana. I’m super excited to teach you the lewis structure of CHCl3 in just 6 simple steps. Infact, I’ve also given the step-by-step images for drawing the lewis dot structure of CHCl3 molecule. So, if you are ready to go with these 6 simple steps, then let’s dive right into it!, This chemistry video explains how to draw the lewis structure of CO2 also known as Carbon Dioxide. It also discusses the bond angle, molecular geometry, and..., Lewis Symbols. At the beginning of the 20 th century, an American physical chemist G. N. Lewis (1875-1946) devised a system of symbols—now called Lewis electron dot symbols (often shortened to Lewis dot symbols) that can be used for predicting the number of bonds formed by most elements in their compounds.Each Lewis dot symbol consists of the chemical symbol for an element surrounded by ...