Free printable map of 13 colonies

Here's an overview of the Thirteen Colonies in 1763 after the Royal Proclamation: Province of Massachusetts Bay: It included present-day Massachusetts and Maine.. Province of New Hampshire: This colony encompassed present-day New Hampshire. Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: It comprised present-day Rhode Island.

Free printable map of 13 colonies. With these free, printable USA maps and worksheets, your students will learn about the geographical locations of the states, their names, capitals, and how to abbreviate them. They are great as a stand-alone for your geography workstation and take-home activity packs! ... This 13 original colonies map will allow your students to see the full ...

13 Colonies. Click on an area on the map to answer the questions. This quiz asks about: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, This quiz has been customized from the original USA: states quiz.

Free printable 13 colonies map pdf. 13 colonies list13 colonies map Colonies blank map 13 maps printable labeled pdf printables thirteen timvandevall studies social american coloring worksheets choose board13 colonies map. Colonies thirteen depicting capitals geography13 colonies map/quiz printout 13 colonies mapColonies labeled fotolip ...The following collection of worksheets explores the thirteen English colonies that eventually became the foundation for the United States of America. Your students will study different settlements, individual colonies, famous people, important events, and more. Activities include short reading passages, map work, timelines, comparative pieces ...Terms in this set (13) Colony's and their capitals IN COLONIAN TIMES! NOT AFTER 1776! Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free.The first map is labeled, and can be given to the students to memorize. The second map is unlabeled, and contains arrows with spaces for the students to write in the colony names. You can use this page to quiz your kids. Finally, a blank thirteen colonies map has been included. This can be used for various other social studies activities ...N/A. $1.00. Quantity: Add to Wish List. Description. This Colonial America Map is great for your classroom. Student label each of the 13 colonies as well as color code the three regions: Southern, Middle and New England. This map can be used as a worksheet or in an interactive notebook. Created by Samantha Mihalak - Visit My Store.Colonies blank worksheet although 5th colonization meadow birch comprehension cerebriti studies13 colonies free map worksheet and lesson for students Printable blank 13 colonies map - printable map of the united statesColonies 13 map english maps colony first cliparts usa clipart colonial established fotolip clip find into 1783.Free Printable Maps 13 colonies map Blank Maps colonies map north america US colonies map ... LIKE and SHARE this post if you found the blank map of 13 colonies useful. They're an important part of our American history, and it's important for kids to learn about them! ... Printable Map of the 7 Continents. August 01, 2008. Map of London Tube ...

Colonialism reinforced authoritarian elements in African societies while undermining the inclusion and accountability that previously balanced them out. The impact of colonial rule...These maps make excellent additions to interactive notebooks or can serve as instructional posters or anchor charts in the classroom. These labeled 13 colony maps are available in four easy-to-use formats: Full color, full-page labeled map of the 13 colonies. Full color, half-page map of 13 colonies with labels.Free maps, free outline maps, free blank maps, free base maps, high resolution gif, pdf, cdr, svg, wmf. Web explore the geography of colonial america with our printable maps of the 13 colonies. Web these printable 13 colony maps make excellent additions to interactive notebooks or can serve as instructional posters or 13 colonies anchor charts ...1701x2176 Blank Map Of The 13 Colonies Printable Coloring Pages For Kids. 2288x2918 7th Grade. 350x271 Colony Quiz Teaching Resources Teachers Pay Teachers. ... 202x272 Usa The 13 Colonies Free Maps, Free Blank Maps, Free Outline. 735x952 Best 13 Colonies Flag Ideas On Un Flag, Congress. 584x828 Colonization.The U.S.: 13 Colonies Printables. Teaching the history of the United States inevitably involves some sections on geography as well. These free, downloadable maps of the original US colonies are a great resource both for teachers and students. Teachers can use the labeled maps as a tool of instruction, and then use the blank maps with numbers ...The Original 13 Colonies New York Pennsylvania Virgina New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New Jersey Delaware Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia . Created Date: 2/27/2021 12:39:04 AM Title:

Original Thirteen Colonies Label. Great for U.S. history and geography classes, this printable map shows the original Thirteen Colonies along with their names. Download Free Version (PDF format) My safe download promise. Downloads are subject to this site's term of use. This map belongs to these categories: state label portrait.About this Worksheet. This is a free printable worksheet in PDF format and holds a printable version of the quiz 13 Colonies Map. By printing out this quiz and taking it with pen and paper creates for a good variation to only playing it online.Introduction The 13 Colonies Blank Map Free Printable is a valuable resource for teachers, students, and history enthusiasts who want to explore and learn about the original thirteen colonies of the United States. This article will discuss the importance of using printable maps for educational purposes and provide information on where to find and downloadAmerican Revolutionary War. 13 Colonies Map Quiz coloring page from American Revolutionary War category. Select from 75546 printable crafts of cartoons, nature, animals, Bible and many more.

The blind showtimes near cinemark towne centre and xd.

A site where educators and parents can download 365+ worksheets for free, and a thousand more for premium members! in Free Worksheets , Geography Worksheets , United States Worksheets Label and color in the original thirteen colonies of the United States with this printable map worksheet.13 Colonies Map Printable. Printable Map Of The 13 Colonies With Names Printable Maps – We provide free, flattened TIFF file formats for our maps in CMYK high-resolution and colour. For extra charges we are able to produce the maps in specialized file formats. To ensure that you can benefit from our products and services, contact us to learn ...Colonies blank map 13 maps printable labeled pdf timvandevall printables thirteen studies social american worksheets coloring choose boardColonies printable outline 13 colonies map quiz coloring pageColonies worksheets thirteen history america 3rd regions worksheet geography essays unit housview reproduced homeschool secretmuseum sponsored they.Printable Map Of The 13 Colonies With Names Free Printable Maps. Web if you want to print an hd map, the first step to take is open within your internet internet browser’s file menu. There are many methods to download maps that are detailed. The thirteen original colonies were founded between 1607 and 1733.About this Worksheet. This is a free printable worksheet in PDF format and holds a printable version of the quiz 13 Colonies Map.By printing out this quiz and taking it with pen and paper creates for a good variation to only playing it online.

Download and print these 13 Colonies Flag coloring pages for free. Printable 13 Colonies Flag coloring pages are a fun way for kids of all ages to develop creativity, focus, motor skills and color recognition. Popular.The first map is labeled, and can be given to the students to memorize. The second map is unlabeled, and contains arrows with spaces for the students to write in the colony names. You can use this page to quiz your kids. Finally, a blank thirteen colonies map has been included. This can be used for various other social studies activities ...Thirteen (13) Colonies Map Maps for the Classroom from www.mapofthemonth.com. Amazon.com has been visited by 1m+ users in the past month. Source: printable.esad.edu.br. Amazon.com has been visited by 1m+ users in the past month. Source: printable-map.com. Amazon.com has been visited by 1m+ users in the past month. Source: printable-maphq.comExplore the geography of Colonial America with our printable maps of the 13 Colonies. Designed with accuracy and artistic detail, these maps provide a fascinating look into how the colonies were laid out against each other.13 colonies blank map printableColonies map 13 blank original coloring printable outline thirteen colony england pages southern revolutionary war clip states united clipart drawing Colonies 13 map english maps colony first clipart usa cliparts colonial delaware large fotolip timetoast clip attribution forget link don.Using legal-sized paper, create a travel brochure of the colony of your choice. The travel brochure can be written from the perspective of then or now, however, the main focus must be on historical information. The brochure should: include drawings, pictures, maps, bullet points or other visually pleasing elements. be neat.A Complete Unit Plan for US History in Middle School or High School. The second unit in my US History curriculum covers the 13 Colonies, with lessons on Jamestown Colony and Virginia, Plymouth and the New England Colonies, the Middle Colonies, and more. This is a fantastic unit for your middle school or high school US History students and a ...13 Colonies Worksheets for Kids. Journey back in time to America's 13 original colonies with this collection of historical printables. From the establishment of Massachusetts to the Revolutionary War, your kid will get a kick out of learning how far the U.S.A. has come. Click on a worksheet in the set below to see more info or download the PDF.Product Detail Page. Dive into American history with maps of the 13 colonies! Find one labeled 13 colonies map and one blank 13 colonies map. Colonial. Police. 13 Colonies Map. 13 Colonies. American History Lessons. Thirteen Colonies Map.Printable 13 Colonies Map PDF – Labeled & Blank Map. Overview: On this page you will find notes and about the 13 colonies and a labeled 13 colonies map printable PDF, as well as a 13 colonies blank map, all of which may be downloaded for personal and educational purposes. Teachers are welcome to print these materials for in-class use.Free printable 13 colonies map pdf. 13 colonies list13 colonies map Colonies blank map 13 maps printable labeled pdf printables thirteen timvandevall studies social american coloring worksheets choose board13 colonies map. Colonies thirteen depicting capitals geography13 colonies map/quiz printout 13 colonies mapColonies labeled fotolip ...N/A. $1.00. Quantity: Add to Wish List. Description. This Colonial America Map is great for your classroom. Student label each of the 13 colonies as well as color code the three regions: Southern, Middle and New England. This map can be used as a worksheet or in an interactive notebook. Created by Samantha Mihalak - Visit My Store.

Free Printable 13 Colonies Map social studies Pinterest Search. Web blank map of the 13 colonies printable. Grab your crayons and let the laughter flow as you. Web formerly known as scholastic printables, we offer printable activities for any subject: Web these free, downloadable maps of the original us colonies are a great resource both for ...

Showing top 8 worksheets in the category - Map Of 13 Colonies. Some of the worksheets displayed are Name map of the thirteen colonies, Name the thirteen colonies, 15 the thirteen colonies map answers, The 13 colonies, 13 colonies chart, 13 colonies, Name 13 american colonies, Social studies the 13 colonies history.USA: the 13 colonies: free maps, free outline maps, free blank maps, free base maps, high resolution GIF, PDF, CDR, SVG, WMFColonies blank map 13 maps printable labeled pdf timvandevall printables thirteen studies social american worksheets coloring choose boardColonies printable outline 13 colonies map quiz coloring pageColonies worksheets thirteen history america 3rd regions worksheet geography essays unit housview reproduced homeschool secretmuseum sponsored they.13 Colonies Coloring Pages. All of the coloring pages displayed on this page are free for personal use ( view full use policy ). Any brands, characters, or trademarks featured in our coloring pages are owned by their respective holders and depicted here as fan art. Please enjoy these 13 colonies coloring pages!Clipart library offers about 12 high-quality 13 Colonies Map Black And White for free! Download 13 Colonies Map Black And White and use any clip art,coloring,png graphics in your website, ... printable usa capital map thirteen colonies map png blank map of the united states 13 colonies in 1750 13 colonies map drawing Other Popular Clip Arts.Web 13 colonies blank map printable free printable maps. Thirteen colonies of north america description this is a map of the 13 british colonies in north america. Free to download and print. New england, middle, and southern. Province of massachusetts bay, later massachusetts and maine. In this straightforward lesson, students will learn the ...Description. A charming historical map, showing the 13 colonies, Indian Tribes, and details dating to 1776, along with other important historical facts, populations, and Revolutionary War battle dates. A marvelous little map produced on the 100 year anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. An unusual historical map of the Colonies, the ...13 Colonies Map Printable. Printable Map Of The 13 Colonies With Names Printable Maps – We provide free, flattened TIFF file formats for our maps in CMYK high-resolution and colour. For extra charges we are able to produce the maps in specialized file formats. To ensure that you can benefit from our products and services, contact us to learn ...The 13 Colonies of America: Clickable Map. On This Site. • American History Glossary. • Clickable map of the 13 Colonies with descriptions of each colony. • Daily Life in the 13 Colonies.

Should cefdinir be refrigerated.

Motorcycle clubs in south carolina.

Nov 11, 2018 - Introduce your students to the 13 original colonies with this printable worksheet (plus answer key). This includes a map and a list of the 13 colonies with the year each was founded before declaring independence and becoming the United States in 1776. Students will write the name of each colony in t...Religion in the Colonies: These worksheets delve into the various religious practices and beliefs of the colonial settlers, including the Puritans in New England and the Quakers in Pennsylvania. Colonial Governments and Governance : These worksheets explore the different forms of colonial government, such as self-governance in New England town ...Description. This Colonial America unit covers the history of the Southern, Middle, and New England colonies. These activities prove that learning about the 13 colonies doesn't have to be boring! I've made these Colonial America activities as easy as possible for busy teachers to implement. From thorough lesson plans to answer keys - it ...Printable 13 Colonies Map PDF - Labeled & Blank Map. Overview: On this page you will find notes and about the 13 colonies and a labeled 13 colonies map printable PDF, as well as a 13 colonies blank map, all of which may be downloaded for personal and educational purposes. Teachers are welcome to print these materials for in-class use.Free the 13 colonies, download free the 13 colonies png images, freeColonies 13 coloring map thirteen blank labeled maps printable color worksheet worksheets pages drawing template labels clipart label america cliparts 13 colonies map/quiz printoutBlank map 13 colonies printable.Colonies blank map 13 maps printable labeled pdf thirteen timvandevall printables studies social american coloring worksheets choose board13 colonies blank map worksheet Colonies labeledColonies map 13 coloring printable original blank outline thirteen colony england pages southern revolutionary war clip states united clipart drawing.Printable 13 Colonies Map - We offer free, flattened TIFF file formats for our maps in CMYK high resolution and colour. In addition, for a fee we also create the maps in specialized file formats. To ensure that you benefit from our products, please contact us for more information. You can also ask for a quote from us team of cartographers.Here's how. First, open a web page that features maps. Then, click"Export" in the sidebar "Export" button in the sidebar. Select the size and format of your map. Choose large, regular, or extra-large. If you'd prefer for you to print maps, select extra-large. Use a graphic editor to create an image in the program you prefer. ….

5.0. (8) $3.00. Zip. These Colonial America Maps is great for your classroom. Student label each of the 13 colonies as well as color their map. Included in the product is three maps - 1 PDF unlabeled map with the three regions chart at the bottom, 1 PDF unlabeled map with no chart and 1 editable map. You can use this map both for student notes ...Introduction The 13 Colonies Blank Map Free Printable is a valuable resource for teachers, students, and history enthusiasts who want to explore and learn about the original thirteen colonies of the United States. This article will discuss the importance of using printable maps for educational purposes and provide information on where to find and download13 Colonies Map Printable Free Printable Maps - We provide flattened, free TIFF file formats of our maps, in CMYK colour and high resolution. If you pay extra, we can also produce these maps in specialist file formats. To ensure that you can benefit from our products we invite you to contact us to learn more. If you prefer, you can inquire ...United States Colonies map. The first 13 colonies of the United States are colored in orange while the rest of the country is colored gray in this printable map. Download Free Version (PDF format) My safe download promise. Downloads are subject to this site's term of use. This map belongs to these categories: country topical.13 Colonies Blank Map - Free Printable Maps. Check Details. Colonies map thirteen labeling 13 blank original printing lesson plans editing lab computer copy popular chart k5 oakdome. Blank us map 13 coloniesColonies thirteen colonie stati uniti clipartbest politici negli razzismo reproduced clipground . ...This worksheet provides students with opportunities to label the thirteen colonies, the Great Lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.. It also requires students to group the colonies by their region, being New England, Southern, or Middle Colonies. This printable 13 colony map activity makes and excellent additions to interactive notebooks, or can serve ...Thirteen Colonies 1775 map-nl.svg. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 327 × 599 pixels. Other resolutions: 131 × 240 pixels | 262 × 480 pixels | 419 × 768 pixels | 559 × 1,024 pixels | 1,118 × 2,048 pixels | 520 × 952 pixels. Original file ‎ (SVG file, nominally 520 × 952 pixels, file size: 151 KB)The 13 Original Colonies SUPERSTAR WORKSHEETS. Created Date. 2/27/2021 12:34:20 AM. Title. Untitled.The states that were part of the 13 original colonies are colored red on this 13 colonies map. Source: Wikimedia commons . New England Colonies. First established at Plymouth, Massachusetts by the Pilgrims, the New England Colonies were some of the earliest colonies, and they were primarily populated by British Puritans. MassachusettsOriginal Thirteen Colonies With Growth Label. This printable U.S. map shows the original Thirteen Colonies along with the parts of current states that they drew from. Download Free Version (PDF format) My safe download promise. Downloads are subject to this site's term of use. This map belongs to these categories: state label portrait ... Free printable map of 13 colonies, Web introduction the 13 colonies blank map free printable is a valuable resource for teachers, students, and history enthusiasts who want to explore and learn. 13 colonies printables teaching the history of the united states inevitably involves some sections on geography as well. Explore the geography of colonial america with our., Description. Introduce your students to the 13 original colonies with this printable worksheet (plus answer key). This includes a map and a list of the 13 colonies with the year each was founded before declaring independence and becoming the United States in 1776. Students will write the name of each colony in the order it was founded, then ..., Colony Credit Real Estate News: This is the News-site for the company Colony Credit Real Estate on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks, This 13 Colonies notebooking unit is a way for you to focus your study of this time period. It isn't a stand-alone curriculum, but it does include a ton of open-ended questions that will help your tween learn a lot about Colonial America. They can use the questions included to do research and make new discoveries., 13 Colonies Printable Map - Web these 13 original colonies (new hampshire, massachusetts, connecticut, rhode island, new york, new jersey, pennsylvania, delaware, maryland,. Teachers can use the labeled maps as a tool of instruction,. The thirteen colonies map created date: Web free 13 colonies map worksheet and lesson., Blank Map Of 13 Colonies Printable - With a simple net search, you. This is a great way to kick off your 13 colonies unit. In this straightforward lesson, students will learn the names and locations of the 13 colonies. New england, middle, and southern. Web where to find a 13 colonies blank map free printable. Web 13 colonies blank map printable., Terms in this set (13) Colony's and their capitals IN COLONIAN TIMES! NOT AFTER 1776! Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free., Colonies map 13 thirteen maps printable classroom rivers labeled key history mapofthemonth american list quiz bank label pertaining studies social Colonies map 13 blank original printable co. ... 23 Feb 2024. Thirteen colonies map for labeling and printing Map of the thirteen colonies printable Free printable 13 colonies map pdf., Colonies map 13 coloring printable original blank outline thirteen colony england pages southern revolutionary war clip states united clipart drawing Blank map 13 colonies printable Colonies ... Free Printable Maps. 13 colonies free map worksheet and lesson for students Colonies blank map 13 printable maps north south york carolina maryland ..., This 1775 map of colonial America shows the names of the thirteen colonies. Students write the names of each colony on this blank colonial map. This 1775 map includes Massachusetts (including Maine), New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. This 1775 map includes New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware., Web explore the geography of colonial america with our printable maps of the 13 colonies. Web focus on climate, geography, and the economies of the early american colonies using this informational text, comprehension worksheet, map activity, and assessment! Web these printable 13 colony maps make excellent additions to interactive notebooks or can serve as instructional posters or 13 colonies ..., 13 Colonies Worksheets for Kids | Education.com. Journey back in time to America's 13 original colonies with this collection of historical printables. From the establishment of Massachusetts to the Revolutionary War, your kid will get a kick out of learning how far the U.S.A. has come. Download all (11), Colonies map 13 quiz thirteen states usa printout enchantedlearning country wereMap colonial america early original american era colonies thirteen stock north 1795 england 13 silversmiths were popular wonderopolis history ne Colonies blank map 13 maps printable labeled pdf timvandevall printables thirteen studies social american worksheets ..., There are various methods to download the most detailed map. Web learn them all in our map quiz.if you want to practice offline, download our printable 13 colonies maps in pdf format and our map scavenger hunt worksheet. Web free 13 colonies map worksheet and lesson. Download all (11) click on a worksheet in the set below to see more info or …, Download and print these 13 Colonies Flag coloring pages for free. Printable 13 Colonies Flag coloring pages are a fun way for kids of all ages to develop creativity, focus, motor skills and color recognition. Popular., 13 Colonies Map Printable - We offer flattened and free TIFF file formats of our maps, in CMYK high-resolution and colour. In addition, for a fee, we can also produce these maps in professional file formats. To ensure that you profit from our services Contact us for more information. Alternatively, you can request a quote from our Cartographers., USA: the 13 colonies: free maps, free outline maps, free blank maps, free base maps, high resolution GIF, PDF, CDR, SVG, WMF ... d-maps.com > Historical maps > USA: the 13 colonies Mesopotamia Cuneiform area Fertile Crescent Ancient Egypt Ancient Mediterranean Sea Ancient Greece Attica Greek world Alexander ..., Blackline Maps. Click any teachers printable to see a larger version and download it. Blackline Map of Thirteen Colonies. United States Blackline Map. Blackline Map of the World. Blackline Map of Australia. Blackline Map of Europe. Blackline Map of Africa. Blackline Map of North America., Printable Map Of The 13 Colonies – We offer free, flattened TIFF file formats of our maps, in CMYK high resolution and colour. If you pay extra we also create these maps in professional file formats. In order to ensure that you benefit from our products, please contact us to learn more. If you prefer, you can request a quote from our group of ..., Usa: the 13 colonies free map, free blank map, free outline map, free Map of the 13 original colonies printable 16 Apr 2024 Colonies america depicting mapsofworld british geography Colonies map 13 blank original thirteen american maps Colonies 7th coloring refrence socia thirteen quiz labeled secretmuseum, 13 colonies blank mapColonies map thirteen Colonies map blank 13 printable thirteen clipart quiz american middle outline maps history english interactive cycle geography cc cliparts fotolip13 colonies free map worksheet and lesson for students., 13 colonies blank map 13 colonies free map worksheet and lesson for students 13 colonies blank map printable 13 colonies drawing at getdrawings Colonies map 13 blank coloring printable original outline colony pages colonial southern revolutionary war england states united clip maps drawingColonies map 13 original ch cap teacher mr name Colonies ..., These maps are easy to download and print. Each individual map is available for free in PDF format. Just download it, open it in a program that can display PDF files, and print. The optional $9.00 collections include related maps—all 50 of the United States, all of the earth's continents, etc. You can pay using your PayPal account or credit card., Free Resources. Results for ‛Thirteen Colonies' 55 teaching resources Thirteen Colonies Sort: Relevance . Grades Grade 1 5. ... 13 Colonies Map Labeling Worksheet ... Alexander Hamilton Printable Mini Book PDF, Printable 13 Colonies Map - Web these 13 original colonies (new hampshire, massachusetts, connecticut, rhode island, new york, new jersey, pennsylvania, delaware, maryland, virginia, north carolina, south carolina and. In this straightforward lesson, students will learn the names and locations of the 13. These free, downloadable maps of the original us colonies are a great resource., The Thirteen Colonies printable pdf download. 13 colonies map Library / thirteen colonies grade 5 Colonies studies blank slave unlabeled. Colonies thirteen blank worksheet. File:map thirteen colonies 1775-es.svgPrintable map 13 colonies Colonies thirteen labeling fotolip oakdome k5A map of the 13 original colonies., Name Date The Thirteen Colonies Copyright © Tim van de Vall. Title: 13-Colonies-Map Created Date: 6/21/2018 1:47:38 PM, This blackline master features a Map of Thirteen Colonies. Free to download and print. Colonial. Thirteen Colonies Map. 13 Colonies Map. Sloth Cartoon., 13 Colonies Free Map Worksheet and Lesson for students. Colonies map 13 coloring printable original blank outline thirteen colony england pages southern revolutionary war clip states united clipart drawing Outline map 13 colonies printable 13 colonies blank map printable, Special education. Speech therapy. Blank Map of the 13 Colonies. Rated 4.67 out of 5, based on 3 reviews. 4.7(3 ratings) Previous. ; Multi-Subject Teacher Store. 4 Followers., Click here to print. There were thirteen original colonies. The thirteen original colonies were founded between 1607 and 1733. As you can see on this map, the thirteen original colonies looked differently from the states we know today. The Northern Colonies were New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Color the Northern ..., Printable Outline Map Of The 13 Colonies - If you're looking to print maps for your business then you are able to download free printable maps. They can be used for any type of printed media, including outdoor and indoor posters, billboards, and more. Because they are royalty-free they are not subject to licensing and reprint costs., This worksheet provides students with opportunities to label the thirteen colonies, the Great Lakes, and the Atlantic Ocean.. It also requires students to group the colonies by their region, being New England, Southern, or Middle Colonies. This printable 13 colony map activity makes and excellent additions to interactive notebooks, or can serve ...