Ucla foreign language placement exam

For Foreign Language Exams, all students taking the computerized exams will see their placement upon finishing the exam. UCR students taking the written and oral exams will see their placement, within three (3) business days following the exam, on their R'web application Student profile under Prior education and testing.

Ucla foreign language placement exam. well as students who may have received instruction in a foreign language in high school may elect to take placement exams at UCLA to partially or fully waive their language requirement for the major. The departments that house that language’s courses offer language placement exams. The exams may require

well as students who may have received instruction in a foreign language in high school may elect to take placement exams at UCLA to partially or fully waive their language requirement for the major. The departments that house that language’s courses offer language placement exams. The exams may require online or in-person

Explain all the ways in which to do this. 1. 3 or higher on AP Foreign Language (4 or higher for Latin) 2. Transfer level 3 from other institution with Grade C or better or P/NP. 3. Take level 3 at UCLA with grade C or better or P/NP. 4. Take a UCLA Foreign Language placement exam and place into level 4 or higher. 5.Hi. Can anyone recommend a good (ideally low cost and relatively quick) online 4 skills English placement test and online speaking progress test? Duolingo's online exam is pretty comprehensive and takes about an hour. I don't know how much it costs, but I know universities accept it.The Global Studies Major at UCLA requires students to complete the intermediate level of a foreign language. For Spanish, completion of Spanish 5 is acceptable. Exemptions: You may be exempted from the Foreign Language requirement for the following reasons: Completion of a Language Placement Test. Placement Tests are offered through a language ...Chemistry Placement Exam. UWrite. Language Placement Exams. Winter admits: Keep reading below for information on preparing for your upcoming orientation.Spring, summer, and fall admits: Check back here in April for more information about orientation.Online placement exams are an important tool used by your academic advisor to help you navigate ...Placement exam results from Winter 2023 and Fall 2023 exams were automatically reported to the Registrar’s Office. If you took an exam, they will be reflected on your degree audit by the end of the quarter you took the exam, …Foreign Language Placement Exams. The various schools/colleges within UCLA have different foreign language requirements. If you have not fulfilled your requirement, you …

foreign language placement exam. does anybody know what the German placement exam is like for ucla?? Is it really hard? I took 4 years of German in Highschool but it wasn’t a very good German program and I didn’t really gain a lot of information on it. Teacher just stuck to the basics and we just memorized some vocab and did some simple ...International Baccalaureate (IB) Students completing the IB diploma with a score of 30 or above will receive 6 quarter units (4 semester units) total toward their UC undergraduate degree, in addition to the units earned for scores of 5 or better on designated individual Higher Level exams (usually 24 quarter/16 semester units).Placement in Asian Language Courses. Placement tests are used for the purposes of course placement or exemption. No course credit may be earned through a placement test. Credit is only given if granted exemption (see below). Placement tests are offered online for Chinese (Mandarin), Japanese, and Korean. For testing in other languages, consult ... You may complete the foreign language requirement (intermediate level) at UCLA via placement exam (if available) or appropriate coursework, or abroad. INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS If you hold an F1 visa and attended high school where instruction was not in English, the IDS foreign language requirement may be waived. The next available exam will be offered in Winter 2024. Winter 2024 exam details will become available closer to the exam date. Registration typically opens a few weeks before the exam on our website. Students can be expected to participate in both the written and oral exams. Placement Exam Offerings: Fall (week 0) & Winter (week 0 or 1)Degree programs may require Graduate School applicants, including master’s students and those not applying directly out of college, to submit valid test scores to be considered for admission. If your native language is not English, you must meet English language proficiency requirements and may be required to submit TOEFL, IELTS, or DET test ...One 200-level foreign language course; HES 100 Foreign Language Placements. All students new to Wake Forest who have studied a foreign language in high school must complete a foreign language placement test in the language(s) studied. Students will not receive credit for a class at a lower level than the level of their placement on the ...For Foreign Language Exams, all students taking the computerized exams will see their placement upon finishing the exam. UCR students taking the written and oral exams will see their placement, within three (3) business days following the exam, on their R'web application Student profile under Prior education and testing.

<p>So I'm taking Spanish 2 right now and I really don't want to take Spanish 3. I was thinking of taking the placement exam in Spring and hopefully pass out of it.</p> <p>In Spanish 1 and 2, I've learned most of the fundamentals including: present and past tense (and imperfect) grammar, lots of vocab (clothes, food, shopping, sports, weather, time, numbers, buildings, etc.), reflexive, and ...The main objective of foreign language placement exams is to determine the best level for students to continue their French or Spanish language studies at Wake Tech. Course placement is important as students improve their language skills so that, upon transfer, students may successfully continue their studies at a four-year institution.Exemption & Placement. The French, German, and Spanish Modern Languages Placement Exams were being offered online using the Honorlock system while the FSU Testing Center was closed. In Fall 2021, the placement test resumed pre-pandemic operations in-person at the Testing Center. Please see the instructions listed below in …Check the foreign language requirement on your degree audit to be sure, but from my understanding, you have to take at least Level 3 of a language to fulfill that requirement. Whether you take the SPANISH placement test or not, and no matter which class you get placed in to, you have to take Level 3 (so in this case Spanish 3).We offer 3 years of German language study: First year elementary German (1-3); second-year intermediate German (4-5); and third-year advanced German conversation and composition. We also offer a summer Travel-Study Program in Berlin. Internships and other opportunities: Humboldt Foundation Bundeskanzler Scholarship.

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Modern Foreign Languages. Students who have studied a language for two or more years and want to continue study in that language at Cornell must present the results of a placement test. See “Placement Tests and Advanced Placement Credit” under “Foreign Language Requirements” in the College of Arts and Sciences section of this …Check the foreign language requirement on your degree audit to be sure, but from my understanding, you have to take at least Level 3 of a language to fulfill that requirement. Whether you take the SPANISH placement test or not, and no matter which class you get placed in to, you have to take Level 3 (so in this case Spanish 3).Spanish III (at least when I took it) covers the subjunctive mood, future and conditional tenses, etc. There also seemed to be a lot of political/economic vocabulary for some reason. If you aren't familiar with these terms, it's really hard to just learn them. Overall, I say the test does its job as it is a placement exam.Took the Korean one this fall but essentially they test you on vocab, grammar, reading (just a few multiple choice qs each), writing, and oral. The oral was basically recording 1-2 minute introducing yourself, I’ve heard previous years you just walked in to talk with a prof but obviously covid. For writing they’d give you prompts and start ... The main objective of foreign language placement exams is to determine the best level for students to continue their French or Spanish language studies at Wake Tech. Course placement is important as students improve their language skills so that, upon transfer, students may successfully continue their studies at a four-year institution.Follow these tips on the best ways to travel without knowing the local language. Traveling in a foreign country can be daunting to begin with, but even more so if you don't speak the local language. It can be stressful to consider getting i...

PREPARATION FOR A MINOR IN COMPARATIVE LITERATURE: Completion of the College Writing I requirement. Overall GPA of 2.0 or better. Completion of at least one year (or equivalent) of a language other than English. More information about satisfying the foreign language requirement for the Comparative Literature minor is available here.each exam listed in blue the left-hand column. Select the exam that you wish to take: Spanish Exam or Portuguese Exam. 5. Finally, click the blue link that appears in the center of the page which says “Spanish Placement Exam” or “Portuguese Placement Exam”, depending on which exam you are taking. NOTE: When you click the link, a window willKutawaru adalah kelurahan di kecamatan Cilacap Tengah, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. dimana kelurahan kutawaru secara geografis terletak disebelah barat kota …Level: For Exemption and written placement test (for Intermediate level and above) Date and Time: August 16th, 9:00-10:30am. Location: RCK 102 (for the written test) RCK 342 (for the exemption test) Please email Misako Suzuki to schedule an appointment for the written test. Please email Eriko Akamatsu to take the exemption test. Sanskrit. We offer elementary and advanced instruction in Sanskrit, the language of ancient and classical India and of many of its central religious and literary texts, such as the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagavad Gita. The Department of Asian Languages and Cultures offers language courses and placement exams in the following languages ...You may complete the foreign language requirement (intermediate level) at UCLA via placement exam (if available) or appropriate coursework, or abroad. INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS If you hold an F1 visa and attended high school where instruction was not in English, the IDS foreign language requirement may be waived.FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROFIENCY OR PLACEMENT EXAMS | Native/heritage speakers of foreign languages, as well as students who may have received instruction in a …Deliberately underperforming on a foreign-language placement test potentially constitutes a form of academic dishonesty and is strictly forbidden. During the first week of classes, instructors will help ensure that students are enrolled at the appropriate level, and instructors may recommend that students enroll in a higher or lower level course.The University minimum requirement for English is grade C/4 at GCSE or IELTS (Academic) with 6.5 overall and a minimum of 5.5 in each of the subskills, or an accepted equivalent. Usually, a college website will state whether these tests/exams are acceptable alternatives to an English language exam requirement.Students in the Ph.D. program are expected to demonstrate a reading knowledge of one language other than English either through examination or coursework. Examinations requiring written translation of literary and critical passages are offered by the department each quarter in French, German, and Spanish and once a year in Italian.Both placement and exemption exams will need to be held in two separate sessions: a 15-30-minute individual interview followed by a 1-hour reading/writing test. Testing will be administered only at the beginning of each semester. Please contact Thúy Tranviet ( [email protected]) for more information.

Students can be expected to participate in both the written and oral exams. Placement Exam Offerings: Fall (week 0) & Winter (week 0 or 1) If you have further questions, please see the FAQ. Placement exam results from Winter 2023 and Fall 2023 exams were automatically reported to the Registrar’s Office.

The next available exam will be offered in Winter 2024. Winter 2024 exam details will become available closer to the exam date. Registration typically opens a few weeks before the exam on our website. Students can be expected to participate in both the written and oral exams. Placement Exam Offerings: Fall (week 0) & Winter (week 0 or 1) Placement in Asian Language Courses. Placement tests are used for the purposes of course placement or exemption. No course credit may be earned through a placement test. Credit is only given if granted exemption (see below). Placement tests are offered online for Chinese (Mandarin), Japanese, and Korean. For testing in other languages, consult ...Students can satisfy the College Language Requirement in the Department of Spanish & Portuguese in one of the following ways: Complete the equivalent of level 3 of any language offered in the department (Spanish, Portuguese, Basque, Catalan, Quechua, Nahuatl) – specific course numbers listed here. Take and pass the Exemption Exam.huubinator • 3 yr. ago. Depending on the foreign language you took you could take a placement exam and if you pass at a certain level you can automatically waive the requirement. For example here is the spanish placement exam and french placement exam. Although for the french placement exam you might still have pass an oral interview (that's ...Students can be expected to participate in both the written and oral exams. Placement Exam Offerings: Fall (week 0) & Winter (week 0 or 1) If you have further questions, please see the FAQ. Placement exam results from Winter 2023 and Fall 2023 exams were automatically reported to the Registrar's Office.The Challenge Exam also allows students to challenge, in some cases, a specific language course for credit, and to earn the corresponding SBCs. Challenge exam fees are $50 for LANG only and $50/credit for course challenges. Stony Brook University's Foreign Language Challenge Exam program allows students to satisfy the Skill 3 / LANG …Level: For Exemption and written placement test (for Intermediate level and above) Date and Time: August 16th, 9:00-10:30am. Location: RCK 102 (for the written test) RCK 342 (for the exemption test) Please email Misako Suzuki to schedule an appointment for the written test. Please email Eriko Akamatsu to take the exemption test. International Baccalaureate (IB) Students completing the IB diploma with a score of 30 or above will receive 6 quarter units (4 semester units) total toward their UC undergraduate degree, in addition to the units earned for scores of 5 or better on designated individual Higher Level exams (usually 24 quarter/16 semester units).Television. The Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. Celebrity. Language Requirement. Students majoring in International Studies are required to demonstrate basic proficiency in a foreign language. This requirement may be satisfied in one of the following ways (see below for more information on each): Earn a qualifying score on one of the following exams: AP Language, AP Literature, IB Language or SAT II ...

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Kutawaru adalah kelurahan di kecamatan Cilacap Tengah, Cilacap, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. dimana kelurahan kutawaru secara geografis terletak disebelah barat kota …Spanish III (at least when I took it) covers the subjunctive mood, future and conditional tenses, etc. There also seemed to be a lot of political/economic vocabulary for some reason. If you aren't familiar with these terms, it's really hard to just learn them. Overall, I say the test does its job as it is a placement exam.For Advanced Placement and international examination equivalencies, consult the charts in the admission section, also in this Bulletin. Students whose entire secondary schooling was in a language other than English, or who complete the International Writing Workshop I, II sequence (EXPOS-UA 4, 9), are exempt from the foreign language requirement.The Department of Asian Languages and Cultures offers language courses and placement exams in the following languages: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Hindi-Urdu, Indonesian, Thai and Vietnamese. ONE YEAR FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSES OFFERED THIS SUMMER! Please check back for the Summer 2020 schedule.We offer 3 years of German language study: First year elementary German (1-3); second-year intermediate German (4-5); and third-year advanced German conversation and composition. We also offer a summer Travel-Study Program in Berlin. Internships and other opportunities: Humboldt Foundation Bundeskanzler Scholarship.See more of UCLA College Academic Counseling on Facebook. Log In. orStudents can be expected to participate in both the written and oral exams. Placement Exam Offerings: Fall (week 0) & Winter (week 0 or 1) If you have further questions, please see the FAQ. Placement exam results from Winter 2023 and Fall 2023 exams were automatically reported to the Registrar’s Office.14 Marine Fisheries 1( ): 13-21, Mei 2020 kisaran rasio kapal lokal (1,49 dibandingkan dengan 1,51 -1,71). Kasko kapal bantuan dan lokal memiliki bentuk serupa yaitu u …The Global Studies Major at UCLA requires students to complete the intermediate level of a foreign language. For Spanish, completion of Spanish 5 is acceptable. Exemptions: You may be exempted from the Foreign Language requirement for the following reasons: Completion of a Language Placement Test. Placement Tests are offered through a language ...Placement exam results from Winter 2023 and Fall 2023 exams were automatically reported to the Registrar’s Office. If you took an exam, they will be reflected on your degree audit by the end of the quarter you took the exam, if you waived out of the foreign language requirement.Modern Foreign Languages. Students who have studied a language for two or more years and want to continue study in that language at Cornell must present the results of a placement test. See “Placement Tests and Advanced Placement Credit” under “Foreign Language Requirements” in the College of Arts and Sciences section of this …Modern Foreign Languages. Students who have studied a language for two or more years and want to continue study in that language at Cornell must present the results of a placement test. See “Placement Tests and Advanced Placement Credit” under “Foreign Language Requirements” in the College of Arts and Sciences section of this … ….

However, if you can't submit your answers due to a technical problem, you will be able to start the test over. How to register for and take the placement test: Ready? Take the Placement Test. When you receive your placement, you need to enroll in the level you were placed into. You may not enroll in a lower level. ASL / Arabic / Portugueseforeign language placement exam. does anybody know what the German placement exam is like for ucla?? Is it really hard? I took 4 years of German in Highschool but it wasn’t a very good German program and I didn’t really gain a lot of information on it. Teacher just stuck to the basics and we just memorized some vocab and did some simple ...These students are advised to consider taking a Foreign Language Placement exam. Placement into the 4 th quarter or above of a Foreign Language will satisfy the UCLA College Foreign Language Requirement. UCLA Center for World Languages 1333 Rolfe Hall PO Box 951411, CA 90095-1411 Tel: 310-825-2510 | Fax: 310-206-5183 Email: [email protected] UC Consortium For Language Learning And Teaching Achieve a passing score on the UC Analytical Writing Placement Exam (AWPE). 30 or better on ACT English Language Arts; 63 or better on ACT English + Reading. 680 or higher on the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section of the SAT. 3 or higher on the College Board Advanced Placement Examination in English (Language or Literature).The Department of Asian Languages and Cultures offers language courses and placement exams in the following languages: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Hindi-Urdu, Indonesian, Thai and Vietnamese. ONE YEAR FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSES OFFERED THIS SUMMER! Please check back for the Summer 2020 schedule.Jun 2, 2009 · <p>Credit for a foreign language course at UCLA for quarter level 3 or above or an equivalent course at another institution. </p> <p>A score of 3 or higher on an Advanced Placement (AP) foreign language test in French, German, or Spanish, or a score of 4 or higher on the Latin test. </p> Best. Add a Comment. geogrlz • 21 days ago. I believe the Religious Studies department offers a Persian placement exam, try contacting them. 2. Computer_1500 • 15 days ago. You can search it up for professors’ email to ask if they can give you placement test. If you pass, they can send you email and just forward it to your college. Ucla foreign language placement exam, For example: If you were to take the exam on Sept. 1, 2021, you would be eligible to re-take the exam the following year on Sept. 1, 2022. Graduate language requirement for Ph.D. students in CLAS departments. Ph.D. students in liberal arts departments can satisfy their departmental foreign language requirement through an examination in a ..., A minimum of nine upper division and graduate courses is required, of which at least six must be at the graduate level. In general, students choosing either the language, literature, or archaeology option are required to study two Near Eastern languages, one of which is considered the major language. Students in Semitics or in Old Iranian study ..., Follow these tips on the best ways to travel without knowing the local language. Traveling in a foreign country can be daunting to begin with, but even more so if you don't speak the local language. It can be stressful to consider getting i..., Guidance for placement in Foreign Language courses at UMKC. Students planning to enroll in Foreign Language courses for the first time who have high school or other foreign language experience are strongly recommended to take the language placement exam, which can be accessed on the Department of World Languages and Cultures website.; …, Students who need the test to test out von a Foreign Language Requirement for their Study and/or Major should take the exam during her first quarter at UCLA and should …, Level: For Exemption and written placement test (for Intermediate level and above) Date and Time: August 16th, 9:00-10:30am. Location: RCK 102 (for the written test) RCK 342 (for the exemption test) Please email Misako Suzuki to schedule an appointment for the written test. Please email Eriko Akamatsu to take the exemption test. , Take the Portuguese Exemption Exam. The department will notify you of your results approximately 2 weeks after the close of the exam period. Students may meet the Language Requirement by successfully completing and passing the Exemption Exam. Students must demonstrate competency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing equivalent to the end ..., Some colleges within UCLA have a Foreign Language Requirement, but it is possible that you have satisfied it before starting at UCLA, especially if you completed IGETC. During your New Student Orientation, your New Student Advisor will guide you on any language placement exams to take if needed to take courses in a foreign language., Students can be expected to participate in both the written and oral exams. Placement Exam Offerings: Fall (week 0) & Winter (week 0 or 1) If you have further questions, please see the FAQ. Placement exam results from Winter 2023 and Fall 2023 exams were automatically reported to the Registrar’s Office., Placement Exams. Placement exams help to determine the course in which you should enroll if you are continuing your study of a language with which you have had previous experience. ... For information about language courses, interpreting placement exams, retroactive credit, and exemption from foreign language requirements, please consult …, We offer 3 years of German language study: First year elementary German (1-3); second-year intermediate German (4-5); and third-year advanced German conversation and composition. We also offer a summer Travel-Study Program in Berlin. Internships and other opportunities: Humboldt Foundation Bundeskanzler Scholarship., Satisfying Foreign Language Requirement with High School Coursework or Exam. Completion of high school foreign language (other than English) through the third year of instruction - Minimum Grade: C-SAT Subject Test, language other than English - Minimum Score: 590; Advanced Placement World Languages and Culture Exam - Score 3, 4, or …, Placement exam results from Winter 2023 and Fall 2023 exams were automatically reported to the Registrar’s Office. If you took an exam, they will be reflected on your degree audit by the end of the quarter you took the exam, if you waived out of the foreign language requirement., Submit the form to the Dept. 3. After your doctoral committee is approved, you may hold your oral examination in order to advance to candidacy (ATC). Please note that you must be registered to take your oral. If you plan to take it in the summer, you must have been registered in the immediately preceding Spring quarter., The ASL Placement/Exemption Exams are meant for students with a background in ASL seeking to enroll in an intermediate-level ASL course or a language requirement waiver at UCLA. The ASL Exams are offered free to UCLA students* twice a year – once in the beginning of Fall Quarter and once in the beginning of Spring Quarter. There are 8 slots ..., The foreign language requirement may be satisfied only by. earning a passing grade in language Level III of a foreign language sequence at USC or its equivalent elsewhere, or. scoring on the placement examination at a level considered by the language program as equivalent to the completion of Course III, or., 14 Marine Fisheries 1( ): 13-21, Mei 2020 kisaran rasio kapal lokal (1,49 dibandingkan dengan 1,51 -1,71). Kasko kapal bantuan dan lokal memiliki bentuk serupa yaitu u …, UCLA offers a comprehensive placement test through the respective Language Departments to determine students’ proficiency levels. This test evaluates students’ reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills in the target language, providing an accurate assessment of their language abilities., We offer 3 years of German language study: First year elementary German (1-3); second-year intermediate German (4-5); and third-year advanced German conversation and composition. We also offer a summer Travel-Study Program in Berlin. Internships and other opportunities: Humboldt Foundation Bundeskanzler Scholarship. , See more of UCLA College Academic Counseling on Facebook. Log In. or, UCLA Center for World Languages 1333 Rolfe Hall PO Box 951411, CA 90095-1411 Tel: 310-825-2510 | Fax: 310-206-5183 Email: [email protected] UC Consortium For Language Learning And Teaching , Score 680 or higher on the Evidenced-Based Reading and Writing section of the SAT. Achieve a score of 30 or better on the ACT, English Language Arts or 63 or better on the ACT, English Plus Reading. The English Language Arts score represents your overall performance on the English, Reading, and Writing sections of the exam., To check your college or school’s Foreign Language requirements please visit the Foreign Language Requirement website . Music Theory Placement Exam. All students admitted as, or interested in being, a School of Music major must take the Music Theory Placement Exam. Details on how to take the exam will be emailed by Herb Alpert School of Music., If so, you are required to complete the online foreign language placement examination. Not all majors specifically require you to complete a foreign language, but completing a two-course sequence of a foreign language at the intermediate level will fulfill one of your General Education requirements (“Cultures & Civilizations”, to be precise). , Placement exams are administered by their respective departments for students to test their skill level and readiness for math and/or foreign language courses. Placement exams last thirty-minutes and are primarily a computer-based analysis of students' understanding of the subject content. Please note: the math and foreign language placement ..., See below for a listing of the A-G requirements: 2 years history/social science. 4 years of college-preparatory English. 3 years of mathematics (4 years recommended) 2 years of laboratory science (3 years recommended) 2 years of language other than English (3 years recommended) 1 year of visual and performing arts (if available) , Placement exam results from Winter 2023 and Fall 2023 exams were automatically reported to the Registrar’s Office. If you took an exam, they will be reflected on your degree audit by the end of the quarter you took the exam, …, Most of the time, URSA won't let you enroll in the first place if you'll automatically be kicked out. I'm not sure about Japanese but I know for other languages, you can self-place where you start in the language and even if you take the placement test, it's sort of non-binding in that you can still start at another (lower) level., One 200-level foreign language course; HES 100 Foreign Language Placements. All students new to Wake Forest who have studied a foreign language in high school must complete a foreign language placement test in the language(s) studied. Students will not receive credit for a class at a lower level than the level of their placement on the ..., does anybody know what the German placement exam is like for ucla?? Is it really hard? I took 4 years of German in Highschool but it wasn’t a very good German program and I didn’t really gain a lot of information on it. Teacher just stuck to the basics and we just memorized some vocab and did some simple writing., In order to meet this proficiency requirement, a student may: (1) complete the coursework at UNC Charlotte; (2) complete three years of the same language in high school through level three; (3) achieve a satisfactory score on the foreign language placement exam; (4) transfer in the equivalent courses from another institution; or (5) place out ..., Foreign Language Requirement. Foreign language courses improve creativity, problem-solving, listening, and memory skills. Knowledge of a second language can increase one's ability to deal with abstract concepts, expand one's view of and increase participation in a multicultural world, and enhance job competitiveness., What is the Foreign Language/Study Abroad Requirement (FLSA)? This requirement is in addition to the Foreign Language Graduation Requirement. The FLSA is satisfied by 6 semester credit hours of a foreign language at the college level and cannot be fulfilled with credit by exam. Language course options include Spanish, French, German, Mandarin ...